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Normal Size Of Prostate In Male In Cc

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Prostate Measurements And Questionnaire

High PSA & Prostatitis | Ask a Prostate Expert, Mark Scholz, MD

All the participants were invited to receive prostate measurement by TRUS with a 6-MHz uniplanar scanning probe , which was performed by an investigator who had 6 years of ultrasound experience. Under TRUS guidance, prostate width was measured on an axial image, while prostate length and height were measured on a mid-sagittal image.6 The TPV was calculated with the prolate elliptical formula, /6×width×height×length.6,7,8,9 The transition zone was measured similarly to the above description. Length was defined as the greatest longitudinal distance on the sagittal scan, and width and height as the largest transverse and antero-posterior distance on axial scan. The TZV was also calculated with the prolate elliptical formula.10

Every participant was invited to perform a self-administered International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. Although a Chinese version of IPSS questionnaire was used,11 a urologist, who had 10 years working experience, explained the questionnaire to participants.12 The IPSS questionnaire was comprised of seven questions, which were stratified to determine the storage symptoms and voiding symptoms.

How Might An Enlarged Prostate Affect My Life

Having an enlarged prostate affects everyone in different ways. Some men can manage mild symptoms and dont need treatment. Others find they need to stay near a toilet. This can make it difficult to work, drive, be outdoors and attend social events. If you need the toilet a lot during the night, this can affect your sleep and make you feel more tired during the day.

Some men find their symptoms improve over time without treatment. But for most, the symptoms will stay the same or slowly start to cause more problems over time unless they have treatment.

Who May Get An Enlarged Prostate

Enlargement of the prostate beyond prostate normal size is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia . BPH is a common problem in men, and theres no way you can help prevent it. Anyone can suffer from an enlarged prostate, but age and family history increase your chances of having BPH.

An enlarged prostate on a man is the most common prostate problem for men over the age of 50. When the prostate becomes enlarged, it presses against the urethra, causing it to narrow. A narrow urethra makes you experience difficulties when urinating and emptying the bladder. An enlarged prostate makes it very hard to urinate. In extreme cases, it can even inhibit urination completely.

Studies show that 80% of men get enlarged prostates. However, only 30% of those with enlarged prostates find bothersome symptoms. The prostate gets larger as you age, and that is why most males over age 80 have BPH.

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Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer: What Are The Symptoms For Prostate Cancer

Usually, prostate cancer does not produce symptoms by itself until it is fairly advanced. Prostate cancer arises silently and usually passes through a curable stage into an incurable stage silently. Therefore, the only means of detecting it when it is curable is to actively look for it with screening. Symptoms could include urinary difficulties however, these symptoms are usually caused by benign enlargement of the prostate. However, these symptoms are usually caused by urinary obstruction from benign prostatic enlargement,scar tissue or from inflammation. Bone pain occurs in very advanced prostate cancer, but the aches and pains that most people experience are usually caused by arthritis.

How Are Researchers Trying To Improve The Psa Test

Normal Prostate Anatomy

Scientists are investigating ways to improve the PSA test to give doctors the ability to better distinguish cancerous from benign conditions and slow-growing cancers from fast-growing, potentially lethal cancers. None has been proven to decrease the risk of death from prostate cancer. Some of the methods being studied include:

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Population Standard Error Of The Mean

Let us consider our 301 prostate volumes as a population. The mean of the 301 volumes becomes the population mean =36.47 ml and the standard deviation =18.04 ml. If we randomly draw prostate volumes, they will generally be somewhat different from one another, and these differences will follow some frequency distribution is the standard deviation of this distribution. Similarly, if we calculate means m1, m2, , from repeated samples, they will generally be somewhat different one from another and will follow some frequency distribution the SEM is the standard deviation of this distribution. It is often symbolized as m. It will be smaller than , because it reflects the behavior of 301 observations rather than 1. It turns out that

Mack RoachIII MD, FACR, Peter Carroll MD, MPH, in, 2010

Hormonal Measures And Prostate Size

Men with higher testosterone trended toward larger prostates , though greater testosterone is not associated with risk of BPH in a linear fashion , controlling for age and height. Individuals in the lowest quintile of testosterone had smaller prostates and significantly less BPH than those in the top two quintiles controlling for height and age .

There was a strong positive correlation between PSA and both prostate size and risk of BPH controlling for age and height. The median PSA in this sample was 0.88ng/mL . Men with PSA greater than 4ng/mL were more likely to present with BPH .

SHBG was not associated with prostate size , or BPH .

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How Is Bph Diagnosed

After evaluating your medical history and giving you a complete physical, your doctor will perform a digital rectal examination.

Because the prostate gland is in front of the rectum, the doctor can feel if the back of the gland has any abnormalities during this examination. This enables the doctor to estimate the size of the prostate and to detect any hard areas that could be cancer.

Several studies may be done to help diagnose your condition:

  • A urine test called a urinalysis
  • A seven-question BPH Symptom Score Index survey to evaluate the severity of your symptoms
  • A flow study to see if the urine stream is slow compared with normal flow
  • A study to detect how much urine is left in the bladder after urination

Board Certified Urologists In Alexandria Woodbridge And National Harbor

Changing Distribution, Size and Grade of Prostate Cancer

The prostate, part of the male reproductive system, is about the same size and shape as a walnut and weighs about an ounce. Around half of men over the age of 50 have an enlarged prostate , making it a prevalent mens health issue in the United States today.

The board-certified urologists at Potomac Urology specialize in the treatment and diagnosis of BPH. If youre experiencing symptoms of BPH, contact us today to schedule an appointment in Alexandria or Woodbridge. Give our office a call at or request an appointment through our secure online form.

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What Is An Enlarged Prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlarged prostate. As you age, your prostate may get larger. This may lead to difficulty urinating. About half of all men between the ages of 51 and 60 have BPH. A normal prostate volume is approximately 20 cc. An enlarged prostate is > 20 cc and may or may not cause urinary symptoms. If it does not cause any symptoms, then it does not need to be treated. Enlarged prostate is not life threatening.

Generations Of Men Underwent Prostate Cancer Tests During An Aggressive Screening Regimen Then The Screenings Stopped Now Doctors Are Reevaluating Just How Worried Men Should Be About Their Prostate

by Michael J. Mooney

Many people dont know what, if any, purpose the prostate serves most of what we hear about it revolves around the problems it can cause, especially later in life. But without it, there might not be any life at all.

The prostate gland, small as it is, is like a multifaceted diamond: every time you look at it from a different angle, under a different light, you see a different aspect of it, find a new scientific challenge, unresolved mysteries, says urologist Dr. Claus Roehrborn, who specializes in prostate diseases and has chaired the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Department of Urology since 2002. His work is at the forefront of current innovations in treating and diagnosing prostate cancer.

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Managing The Enlarged Prostate Gland In Elderly Men

Case Presentation

A 67-year-old male is seen in the Emergency Department for urinary retention. He has a history of moderate lower urinary tract obstructive and irritative symptoms consisting of frequency, urgency, poor force and caliber of his urinary stream, and nocturia. In the last few days prior to his admission to the hospital, he had dribbling of urination and lower abdominal pain. A physical exam revealed a bladder palpable above the pubic symphysis, the rectal exam revealed a markedly enlarged prostate gland, and a urinalysis revealed 5-7 white blood cells/high power field. The patients prostate-specific antigen was 6.5 ng/mL. The blood urea nitrogen was 40 mg/dL, and serum creatinine was 2.6 mg/dL. An abdominal ultrasound revealed hydroureteronephrosis with a markedly distended bladder. A Foley catheter was inserted, and he had approximately 900 cc of residual urine. He experienced a post-obstructive diuresis with normalization of his BUN and creatinine levels. A cystoscopy revealed coaptation of the lateral lobes of the prostate and grade 3 trabeculation of the bladder. The patient had GreenLight laser treatment of his outlet obstruction and used a catheter for 3 days after the procedure. He was able to void with a good stream and had less than 75 cc of post-void residual. Follow-up BUN and creatinine levels 3 weeks after the GreenLight laser procedure were 15 mg/dL and 1.7 mg/dL.

Discussion

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Can You Reduce An Enlarged Prostate

Whole Prostate Volume and Shape Changes with the Use of an Inflatable ...

Yes anti-androgens that block the production of androgens or inhibit their biological activity can starve the prostate of essential growth factors. Inhibiting the growth-promoting effects of these factors helps to reduce the size of the prostate gland.

Common medicines include:

  • 5-alpha reductase inhibitors block the conversion of testosterone to the active DTH. Finasteride is an example of a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. However, there are certain associated with the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors that patients do need to be aware of. These side-effects can be unpleasant. has been noted in some patients.The patient may also note a reduction in their erectile function. This can cause symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction.
  • Alpha blockers- Alpha-Blockers are a class of prescription medications used to relax muscles around small blood vessels. There are several medications available as alpha-blockers, with Flomax being one of the most commonly prescribed.

Though these medications shrink the prostate, they often leave most of the prostate gland untouched, allowing the condition to return. Aim to maintain a healthy prostate by reducing inflammation, healthy diet, and physical activity.

Lifestyle changes and home treatment will not stop the prostate from growing bigger but can help with your symptoms.

These lifestyle changes have utility in reducing the symptoms of enlarged prostate:

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Example Posed: Ci On Standard Deviation Of Prostate Volumes

Using the 10 prostate volumes from Table DB1.1, what is a 95% confidence interval on the population standard deviation ? We have calculated s=15.92 ml which has n1=9 df. We know the probability distribution of s2 but not of s, so we shall find the interval on the population variance, 2, and take square roots. s2=15.922=253.4464. How do we express a confidence interval?

Prostate Gland Size: Why Is It Important

Thousands of men are diagnosed with a prostate condition every year. They experience both disease and treatment-associated complications that impair normal functions.

The impact of prostate conditions on quality of life remains a major concern for aging men. Common prostate conditions have a complicated relationship with the prostate glands volume.

On the one hand, these conditions enlarge the prostate gland. An enlarged prostate presses on the surrounding tissues/organs to cause urinary, sexual, and bowel symptoms that reduce your quality of life. On the other, the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches for prostate disease may depend on the prostate glands size.

A significant proportion of men with enlarged prostate require surgery to treat their symptoms. However, balancing the benefit of surgical interventions for a large prostate with the risk of treatment side effects is a significant challenge.

Despite the apparent improvements in the treatment of this condition by less invasive options, immediate clinical intervention is not always necessary. Here, we discuss the relationship between prostate size, prostate health, and quality of life. The article also offers some insight into the potential ways to maintain a healthy prostate.

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Large Prostate With Few Symptoms

Patients with very enlarged prostates may have few symptoms or mild symptoms. Doctors verify that there are no problems with kidney or bladder function. If not, they know that the enlarged prostate is not harming the body. In this case, doctors may recommend just watching the prostate or doing non-surgical treatments. Options include changing certain eating and drinking habits and urinating less often. Patients can take medications that relax the prostate, such as tamsulosin, or shrink the prostate, such as finasteride or dutasteride. Patients also may try supplements like saw palmetto to help their symptoms.

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What Is The Main Cause Of Prostate Enlargement

Prostate Size and Cancer

Studies have shown that the prostate gland grows due to hormonal changes that take place with age. Testosterone levels have shown some correlation and could cause enlarged prostate as well.

Gaurav had heard about prostate cancer and asked Dr. Mayank Does enlarged prostate mean cancer?

A common fear related to BPH is that prostate enlargement means an increase in chances of developing prostate cancer this is not true at all! clarified Dr. Mayank.

After Gaurav fully understood his condition, he was ready to discuss the treatment with the doctor.

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Diagnosing Benign Prostate Enlargement

You might have several different tests to find out if you have an enlarged prostate.

A GP may do some of these tests, such as a urine test, but others might need to be done at a hospital.

Some tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms to BPE, such as prostate cancer.

Bmi Body Fat And Metabolic Markers

There was no association between body mass index and prostate size , nor were men with a BMI above the median more likely to experience BPH , controlling for age . Likewise, body fat percentage was not associated with prostate volume , or BPH , controlling for age and height. Neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was associated with prostate volume or BPH , nor were individuals with high systolic or high diastolic blood pressure more likely to have larger prostates or BPH , controlling for age and height. However, men with higher HbA1c had larger prostates and trended towards presentation with BPH controlling for age and height. Men with HbA1c greater than 6% trended toward a higher likelihood of BPH , controlling for age and height.

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What Is The Normal Prostate Volume With Age

As shown in the table, the average prostate on a man changes with age. Increasing the width, length, and height of the prostate increases prostate volume. As such, many urologists describe the prostate in terms of volume and not weight.

On average, the normal prostate volume is 20cm3, but it ranges between 15cm3 to 30cm3. In milliliters, a small prostate volume is from 30-40ml, while a medium one is 40-80ml. A normal prostate volume for a large prostate is approximately 40-100ml.

Specifically, normal prostate volume increases with increasing age, and prostate volume increases in men aged 40 and above. However, even men in their thirties can experience this change too.

From the study quoted above in Table 1, the total prostate volume varied with age. For instance, total prostate volume averaged 28 ml at age 40-49 years. The 50-59years age group normal prostate size in volume changed to 31ml.

The normal prostate volume changed to over 35ml for the 60-70 years age group. Still, the prostate volume varies with different individuals, though few men maintain an average prostate size.

Similarly, another study with 1763 participants showed related results about the average normal prostate volume with increasing age. Specifically, the mean total prostate volume rose from 24-40 cubic centimeters for advancing ages 50-80 progressively.

History And Physical Examination

Anatomical Human Male Pathological Prostate Model

In men with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms, a history should be performed to establish the severity of symptoms, evaluate for causes other than BPH , and identify contraindications to potential therapies. The American Urological Association Symptom Index is a validated seven-question instrument that can be used to objectively assess the severity of BPH.6

Differential Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men

Clinical finding

Differential Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men

Clinical finding

American Urological Association Symptom Index

Figure 1.

American Urological Association Symptom Index to assess severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia . A score of 7 or less indicates mild BPH a score of 8 to 19 indicates moderate BPH a score of 20 to 35 indicates severe BPH.

Adapted with permission from American Urological Association. Guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia . http://www.auanet.org/guidelines/bph.cfm. Accessed September 19, 2007.

American Urological Association Symptom Index

Figure 1.

American Urological Association Symptom Index to assess severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia . A score of 7 or less indicates mild BPH a score of 8 to 19 indicates moderate BPH a score of 20 to 35 indicates severe BPH.

Adapted with permission from American Urological Association. Guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia . http://www.auanet.org/guidelines/bph.cfm. Accessed September 19, 2007.

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