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How To Treat Prostate Cancer

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How to detect, treat prostate cancer

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Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials

As one of the worlds leading cancer centers, MD Anderson is home to many clinical trials for prostate cancer patients. Your care team may discuss clinical trials with you if they believe they offer you a better outcome than standard treatments.

Trials are designed to improve prostate cancer survival rates, minimize treatment side effects and support a higher quality of life for patients. They may include new drugs or drug combinations, new approaches to prostate cancer surgery, different forms of radiation therapy, or some combination of all three. Learn more about clinical trials.

Overview Of Treatment Options

Your treatment options will depend in part on whether your disease is localized, high risk, recurrent or advanced.

For nearly eight in 10 men with prostate cancer, the disease is diagnosed early, in the local or regional stages. Most will be cured. Active surveillance, watchful waiting, radiation therapy and surgery are the most common treatments.

Two in 10 men with prostate cancer are diagnosed with high-risk disease â localized prostate cancer that has a tendency to spread. Among these men, three or four in 10 will have cancer that comes back after treatment.

Doctors use hormone therapy, along with surgery and radiation therapy, to treat prostate cancers that might have spread. Learn more about the special considerations for treating high-risk or recurrent prostate cancer.

If your cancer has already spread when you are diagnosed , new treatments may put your cancer in remission and give you a good quality of life for years, even though the cancer canât be cured.

SCCA offers immunotherapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and access to promising therapies in clinical studies that your community doctor may not know about.

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A Biopsy Is Done To Diagnose Prostate Cancer And Find Out The Grade Of The Cancer

A transrectal biopsy is used to diagnose prostate cancer. A transrectal biopsy is the removal of tissue from the prostate by inserting a thin needle through the rectum and into the prostate. This procedure may be done using transrectal ultrasound or transrectal MRI to help guide where samples of tissue are taken from. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

Sometimes a biopsy is done using a sample of tissue that was removed during a transurethral resection of the prostate to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

If cancer is found, the pathologist will give the cancer a grade. The grade of the cancer describes how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread. The grade of the cancer is called the Gleason score.

To give the cancer a grade, the pathologist checks the prostate tissue samples to see how much the tumor tissue is like the normal prostate tissue and to find the two main cell patterns. The primary pattern describes the most common tissue pattern, and the secondary pattern describes the next most common pattern. Each pattern is given a grade from 3 to 5, with grade 3 looking the most like normal prostate tissue and grade 5 looking the most abnormal. The two grades are then added to get a Gleason score.

What Are The Types Of Prostate Cancer

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The most common type of prostate cancer, diagnosed in nearly all cases, is prostatic adenocarcinomas. All other prostate cancer types comprise an estimated 1-5% of cases. Prostatic adenocarcinoma develops in the glandular epithelial cells that line the prostate and can be categorized into two subtypes:

  • Acinar adenocarcinoma Most prostate cancers are diagnosed as acinar adenocarcinomas. It produces elevated PSA levels and, since the cells grow in the back of the prostate near the rectum, the cancerous cells can sometimes be felt during a digital rectal exam, making this subtype easier to detect.
  • Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma A rarer, more aggressive form of prostatic adenocarcinoma, this subtype develops in the cells lining the tubes and ducts of the prostate gland. Its harder to detect and often develops alongside acinar adenocarcinoma.

Other, less common types of prostate cancer include urothelial cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and soft-tissue prostate cancer.

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How To Get Purxcel For Prostate Cancer Treatment Alongside The Cleanse And The Rest

These products come in packs. We have a pack of 51.500 naira , a pack of 77.000 naira and a pack of 165.000 naira .

  • In a pack of 51.500 naira : You can only get two out of the 5 mentioned above products which are 6 cleanse and 2 PurXcel or 3 cleanse and 3 purxcel
  • The pack of 77.000 naira : You can get 1 Daily Build, 1 Mila, 1 Organic sulfur 1 Purxcel, and 3 Cleanse.
  • In the pack of 212.000 naira : You will get 2 Organic Sulfur 2 Mila + 2 Daily build + 6 PurXcel + 6 Cleanse

What pack should you go for? I will recommend you go for the last pack. Just consider this, if you are to go for a surgery, how much would it have caused you? Do you know that with surgery something can go wrong? Why not use the money to get the 212.000 naira pack for a natural treatment without surgery?

What Is Intermittent Adt

Researchers have investigated whether a technique called intermittent androgen deprivation can delay the development of hormone resistance. With intermittent androgen deprivation, hormone therapy is given in cycles with breaks between drug administrations, rather than continuously. An additional potential benefit of this approach is that the temporary break from the side effects of hormone therapy may improve a mans quality of life.

Randomized clinical trials have shown similar overall survival with continuous ADT or intermittent ADT among men with metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer, with a reduction in some side effects for intermittent ADT .

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Treatment By Stage Of Prostate Cancer

Different treatments may be recommended for each stage of prostate cancer. Your doctor will recommend a specific treatment plan for you based on the cancers stage and other factors. Detailed descriptions of each type of treatment are provided earlier on this same page. Clinical trials may also be a treatment option for each stage.

Early-stage prostate cancer

Early-stage prostate cancer usually grows very slowly and may take years to cause any symptoms or other health problems, if it ever does at all. As a result, active surveillance or watchful waiting may be recommended. Radiation therapy or surgery may also be suggested, as well as treatment in clinical trials. For those with a higher Gleason score, the cancer may be faster growing, so radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are often recommended. Your doctor will consider your age and general health before recommending a treatment plan.

ASCO, the American Urological Association, American Society of Radiation Oncology, and the Society of Urologic Oncology recommend that patients with high-risk early-stage prostate cancer that has not spread to other areas of the body should receive radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy with hormonal therapy as standard treatment options.

Locally advanced prostate cancer

Watchful waiting may be considered for older adults who are not expected to live for a long time and whose cancer is not causing symptoms or for those who have another, more serious illness.

Choosing A Prostate Cancer Surgeon

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When you are choosing a surgeon to treat your prostate cancer, it is important to select someone you trust and have confidence in. He or she should have enough experience to not only perform the operation you need but also to make an informed clinical judgment and change course, if necessary.

The prostate cancer experts at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance recommend choosing a surgeon who has done at least 250 prostatectomies total and who does at least 40 a year.

As you consider your options, you might want to ask your surgeon these questions.

  • Which procedure does your surgeon prefer and why?
  • What type of surgery does he or she recommend for you?
  • Is nerve-sparing surgery an option?
  • How many of these surgeries has he or she performed?
  • How many of these surgeries does he or she do each year?
  • What are the statistics on incontinence and impotence for your surgeonâs patients?
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    Cure Prostate Cancer Naturally At Home

    The prostate gland is situated just below the urinary bladder in a male body. The gland increases in size as one age. Prostate cancer relates to the condition when this organ starts growing uncontrollably. Aged men are more prone to this cancer, and while this is not as serious as most other cancers are, it can become a cause for major concern if it spreads to other parts of the body. The cancer is treated by removing the gland with surgery or radiation. However, for those seeking to control disease naturally, for them, various alternative natural treatments are widespread.

    The Grade Group And Psa Level Are Used To Stage Prostate Cancer

    The stage of the cancer is based on the results of the staging and diagnostic tests, including the prostate-specific antigen test and the Grade Group. The tissue samples removed during the biopsy are used to find out the Gleason score. The Gleason score ranges from 2 to 10 and describes how different the cancer cells look from normal cells under a microscope and how likely it is that the tumor will spread. The lower the number, the more cancer cells look like normal cells and are likely to grow and spread slowly.

    The Grade Group depends on the Gleason score. See the General Information section for more information about the Gleason score.

    • Grade Group 1 is a Gleason score of 6 or less.
    • Grade Group 2 or 3 is a Gleason score of 7.
    • Grade Group 4 is a Gleason score 8.
    • Grade Group 5 is a Gleason score of 9 or 10.

    The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a substance made by the prostate that may be found in an increased amount in the blood of men who have prostate cancer.

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    What If My Biopsy Shows Cancer

    If the biopsy shows prostate cancer, your doctor will determine how likely your cancer is to grow quickly and spread. Sometimes, prostate cancer grows slowly over many years. But other times, it grows quickly.

    Your doctor can use your PSA level, Gleason score, and tumor score to determine your risk level. The following pages give more information about Gleason score, T-score, and prostate cancer risk levels.

    Gleason Score

    The Gleason score is a common scale used to determine how fast your prostate cancer is likely to grow. Gleason scores can range from 2 to 10, but most often range from 6 to 10. The higher the Gleason score, the more likely your cancer is to grow and spread.

    Tumor Score

    The T-score tells how far your prostate cancer has grown.

    • T1: The cancer is too small to be felt during a digital rectal exam or seen in an imaging test . The cancer is found from a biopsy done after a man has a high PSA level or has surgery for problems urinating. The cancer is only in the prostate gland.
    • T2: The cancer can be felt during a digital rectal exam and may be seen in an imaging test. The cancer is still only in the prostate gland.
    • T2a: The cancer is in one-fourth of the prostate gland .
    • T2b: The cancer is in more than one-fourth of the prostate gland , but has not grown into the other side of the prostate gland.
    • T2c: The cancer has grown into both sides of the prostate gland.

    Risk Level

    Table 1. Determining risk level

    Risk Level*

    How Common Is Prostate Cancer

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    About one in nine men will receive a prostate cancer diagnosis during his lifetime. Prostate cancer is second only to skin cancer as the most common cancer affecting males. Close to 200,000 American men receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer every year. There are many successful treatments and some men dont need treatment at all. Still, approximately 33,000 men die from the disease every year.

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    Coordination Between Myeloid And Lymphoid Compartments

    The observed deficiencies of cytotoxicity in the proximity of the tumor may arise through repressive actions by other immune populations . For instance, we find that the Treg cells, which typically act to suppress immune response , showed increased activity signatures at the site of the metastasis . The complex patterns of immune signaling are also likely to involve the myeloid compartment. Indeed, considering variation of TAM and TIM abundance among patients we find that increased proportion of TAMs at the site of metastasis is correlated with CTL-2 exhaustion . Similarly, increased abundance of TIMs coincides with a reduction in the CTL-2 cytotoxicity signature . While these associations suggest that TIM or TAM populations may be directly affecting T lymphocyte state, identifying a specific signaling channel through which communication takes place is challenging.

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    What Are Prostate Cancer Treatments

    Suggested treatment to the patient depends on cancer characteristics.Urologists also take into account evolving nature of the disease and patientoverall health. Today, there are several options to treat a prostate cancer.Some options focus on treating localized cancer, while others manage more extensivecancers. When cancer cells are localized, existing treatments are:

    • HIFU: treatment using heat created by focusing ultrasound
    • Prostatectomy
    • External beam radiotherapy
    • Brachytherapy
    • Cryotherapy .

    When localized prostate cancer does not cause symptoms, active surveillance is an option. Regular check-ups will be achieved and a treatment may be considered in case the cancer has progressed.

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    How Do You Treat Prostate Cancer

    Ask U.S. doctors your own question and get educational, text answers â it’s anonymous and free!

    Ask U.S. doctors your own question and get educational, text answers â it’s anonymous and free!

    HealthTap doctors are based in the U.S., board certified, and available by text or video.

    If Treatment Does Not Work

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    Recovery from cancer is not always possible. If the cancer cannot be cured or controlled, the disease may be called advanced or terminal.

    This diagnosis is stressful, and for many people, advanced cancer may be difficult to discuss. However, it is important to have open and honest conversations with your health care team to express your feelings, preferences, and concerns. The health care team has special skills, experience, and knowledge to support patients and their families and is there to help. Making sure a person is physically comfortable, free from pain, and emotionally supported is extremely important.

    People who have advanced cancer and who are expected to live less than 6 months may want to consider hospice care. Hospice care is designed to provide the best possible quality of life for people who are near the end of life. You and your family are encouraged to talk with the health care team about hospice care options, which include hospice care at home, a special hospice center, or other health care locations. Nursing care and special equipment, including a hospital bed, can make staying at home a workable option for many families. Learn more about advanced cancer care planning.

    After the death of a loved one, many people need support to help them cope with the loss. Learn more about grief and loss.

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    How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed

    Screenings are the most effective way to catch prostate cancer early. If you are at average cancer risk, youll probably have your first prostate screening at age 55. Your healthcare provider may start testing earlier if you have a family history of the disease or are Black. Screening is generally stopped after age 70, but may be continued in certain circumstances.

    Screening tests for prostate cancer include:

    • Digital rectal exam: Your provider inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum and feels the prostate gland, which sits in front of the rectum. Bumps or hard areas could indicate cancer.
    • Prostate-specific antigen blood test: The prostate gland makes a protein called protein-specific antigen . Elevated PSA levels may indicate cancer. Levels also rise if you have BPH or prostatitis.
    • Biopsy: A needle biopsy to sample tissue for cancer cells is the only sure way to diagnose prostate cancer. During an MRI-guided prostate biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging technology provides detailed images of the prostate.

    What Else Should You Consider

    Remember, you have options, and itâs important to choose the one that works best for you. When choosing a treatment, think about:

    • The risks. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of each type of therapy.
    • The side effects. Consider whether or not youâre willing to deal with how the treatment might make you feel.
    • Whether or not you need it. Not all men with prostate cancer need to be treated right away.
    • Your age and overall health. For older men or those with other serious health conditions, treatment may be less appealing than watchful waiting.

    Show Sources

    American Cancer Society: âCan Prostate Cancer be Found Early?â âConsidering Prostate Cancer Treatment Options,â âHormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer,â âHow is Prostate Cancer Treated,â âProstate Cancer,â âWhat is Prostate Cancer?â âCryotherapy for Prostate Cancer,â âRadiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer,â âSurgery for Prostate Cancer,â âVaccine Treatment for Prostate Cancer.â

    National Cancer Institute: âProstate Cancer Treatment.â

    Prostate Cancer Foundation: âOther Treatment Options,â âProstatectomy ,â âRadiation Therapy,â âSide Effects,â âTreatment Options.â

    UpToDate: âBone metastases in advanced prostate cancer: Management.â

    Cancer.Net: âProstate Cancer: Types of Treatment.â

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