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Prostate Cancer Stage 3 Prognosis

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What Are Prostate Cancer Survival Rates By Stage

What are the Treatment Options for Stage 3 Prostate Cancer

Staging evaluation is essential for the planning of treatment for prostate cancer.

  • A basic staging evaluation includes the patient examination, blood tests, and the prostate biopsy including ultrasound images of the prostate.
  • Further testing and calculations may be performed to best estimate a patient’s prognosis and help the doctor and patient decide upon treatment options.

Prognosis refers to the likelihood that cancer can be cured by treatment, and what the patient’s life expectancy is likely to be as a consequence of having had a prostate cancer diagnosis.

If cancer is cured, your life expectancy is what it would have been had you never been diagnosed with prostate cancer. If cancer cannot be cured due to it recurring in distant locations as metastases, or recurs either locally or in an area no longer able to be treated in a curative manner, then estimates can be made of what is likely to be your survival-based again on group statistics for people who have been in the same situation.

Nomograms are charts or computer-based tools that use complex math from the analysis of many patients’ treatment results.

The prognosis for prostate cancer varies widely and depends on many factors, including the age and health of the patient, the stage of the tumor when it was diagnosed, the aggressiveness of the tumor, and cancer’s responsiveness to treatment, among other factors.

The 5 and 10-year survival rate of prostate cancer chart

Stage and 5-Year Survival

Survival Rates For Prostate Cancer

Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time after they were diagnosed. These rates cant tell you how long you will live, but they may help give you a better understanding of how likely it is that your treatment will be successful.

Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they cant predict what will happen in any particular persons case. These statistics can be confusing and may lead you to have more questions. Ask your doctor, who is familiar with your situation, how these numbers may apply to you.

Stages Of Prostate Cancer

Any T, any N, M1

Any Grade Group

Any PSA

The cancer might or might not be growing into tissues near the prostate and might or might not have spread to nearby lymph nodes . It has spread to other parts of the body, such as distant lymph nodes, bones, or other organs . The Grade Group can be any value, and the PSA can be any value.

Prostate cancer staging can be complex. If you have any questions about your stage, please ask someone on your cancer care team to explain it to you in a way you understand.

While the stage of a prostate cancer can help give an idea of how serious the cancer is likely to be, doctors are now looking for other ways to tell how likely a prostate cancer is to grow and spread, which might also help determine a mans best treatment options.

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Prognosis Of Men With High

Pan Song1#, Jiaxiang Wang2#, Mengxuan Shu2, Xiaoyu Di3, Yaxin Li3, Yuxin Qing3, Qiang Dong1

1 West China Hospital of Sichuan University , The First Clinical Medical College , The Second Clinical Medical College , , China

Contributions: Conception and design: Q Dong Administrative support: Q Dong Provision of study materials or patients: P Song, J Wang Collection and assembly of data: P Song, J Wang Data analysis and interpretation: P Song, J Wang, M Shu, X Di, Y Li, Y Qing Manuscript writing: All authors Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to:

Background: The aim was to evaluate the prognosis of men with all possible high-risk prostate cancers stratified by risk factors.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 2004 to 2015, men with non-metastasis high-risk PCa were identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regressions were adopted to evaluate the overall survival and prostate cancer-specific survival . Nomograms were conducted to build a predictive model. Concordance index and calibration curves were used to validate the model.

Men with the combination of PSA > 20 ng/mL and GS 810 had the worst PCSS among all patients. PCa with three high-risk factors was not more aggressive than that with two high-risk factors of GS 810 and PSA > 20 ng/mL.

Keywords: Prostate cancer high-risk factors prognosis Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results

Whats The Difference Between Cancer Grading And Staging

Locally advanced prostate cancer T3a

Cancer grade refers to how quickly it may grow or spread. Cancer stage refers to the size of the tumor and whether or not it has already spread to other parts of the body. For the most part, the lower the grade, the slower the growth of the tumor. In contrast, stages mean different things for different types of cancer, but usually the higher the number, the more advanced the cancer .

Now, lets put all of this information together and talk about the different stages of prostate cancer.

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Survival Of Prostate Cancer

Survival depends on many factors. No one can tell you exactly how long you will live.

Below are general statistics based on large groups of people. Remember, they cant tell you what will happen in your individual case.

Survival for prostate cancer is generally good, particularly if you are diagnosed early.

Stage 4 Prostate Cancer Prognosis

Doctors need to know how far the cancer has advanced, or its stage, in order to choose the best treatment. A pathologist, a specialist who specializes in studying cells obtained from a prostate biopsy, will provide two starting points: the cancers grade and Gleason score.

  • Cancer grade: When the pathologist looks at prostate cancer cells, the most common type of cells will get a grade of 3 to 5. The area of cancer cells in the prostate will also be graded. The higher the grade, the more abnormal the cells.
  • Gleason score: The two grades will be added together to get a Gleason score. This score tells doctors how likely the cancer is to grow and spread.

After a biopsy reveals prostate cancer, the patient may be subjected to additional testing to determine whether the disease has spread to other regions of the body via the blood or lymph nodes. These are typically imaging examinations, such as a bone scan, positron emission tomography scan, or computed tomography scan.

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Stage 4 Prostate Cancer

In stage 3, cancer has now spread beyond the prostate and may have potentially spread into the nearby seminal vesicles.

  • Stage IVA The tumor may have any size and has already spread to the regional lymph nodes but has not spread to other distant areas . There can be any PSA level and any Grade Group.
  • Stage IVB The tumor may have any size and presents distant metastasis , without involving the lymph nodes . There can be any PSA level and any Grade Group.

How We Treat Prostate Cancer

Diagnosis of Stage 3 Prostate Cancer

The prognosis for metastatic prostate cancer can be discouraging, but some treatment centerslike the Johns Hopkins Precision Medicine Center of Excellence for Prostate Cancerspecialize in innovative, individualized therapy with the potential to improve outcomes.

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Stage Iv Prostate Cancer Prognosis

Prostate cancers detected at the distant stage have an average five-year survival rate of 28 percent, which is much lower than local and regional cancers of the prostate. This average survival rate represents stage IV prostate cancers that have metastasized beyond nearby areas to lymph nodes, organs or bones in other parts of the body.

Who Gets This Cancer

Prostate cancer occurs only in men, and it is more common in older men than younger men. It is more likely to occur in men with a family history of prostate cancer and men of African American descent. The rate of new cases of prostate cancer was 112.7 per 100,000 men per year based on 20152019 cases, age-adjusted.

Rate of New Cases per 100,000 Persons by Race/Ethnicity: Prostate Cancer

Males

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Gleason Score For Grading Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is also given a grade called a Gleason score. This score is based on how much the cancer looks like healthy tissue when viewed under a microscope. Less aggressive tumors generally look more like healthy tissue. Tumors that are more aggressive are likely to grow and spread to other parts of the body. They look less like healthy tissue.

The Gleason scoring system is the most common prostate cancer grading system used. The pathologist looks at how the cancer cells are arranged in the prostate and assigns a score on a scale of 3 to 5 from 2 different locations. Cancer cells that look similar to healthy cells receive a low score. Cancer cells that look less like healthy cells or look more aggressive receive a higher score. To assign the numbers, the pathologist determines the main pattern of cell growth, which is the area where the cancer is most obvious, and then looks for another area of growth. The doctor then gives each area a score from 3 to 5. The scores are added together to come up with an overall score between 6 and 10.

Gleason scores of 5 or lower are not used. The lowest Gleason score is 6, which is a low-grade cancer. A Gleason score of 7 is a medium-grade cancer, and a score of 8, 9, or 10 is a high-grade cancer. A lower-grade cancer grows more slowly and is less likely to spread than a high-grade cancer.

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Nomogram Predicting Model And Validation

can gleason score 7 be cured

The predicting model of nomograms was built with the factors in the multivariate Cox analysis . The C-index of this nomogram was 0.773, indicating a good discrimination ability of this model. Five- and 10-year calibration curves also revealed good agreement between the actual observation and the nomogram prediction.

Figure 3Figure 4

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Psa And Gleason Score

Two other important factors that doctors and specialists use to assess cancer cells are the prostate specific antigen and the Gleason score.

PSA levels: PSA is a protein that appears in higher levels in the bloodstream when there is a problem with the prostate. Normally, PSA levels in the blood are very low, and a test cannot detect them. However, in some circumstance, such as prostate cancer, PSA levels start to rise.

Screening for prostate cancer uses a blood test for PSA. If PSA levels are high, the doctor may recommend further tests to see if prostate cancer is present.

There are various other reasons why PSA levels may rise, including sexual stimulation or an infection.

The grade and Gleason score: Different types of cancer cell act differently. Some types, or grades, are more aggressive and can spread more easily. The Gleason score and grade are different measures, but they both reflect how likely it is that a tumor will spread, and how quickly it will do so. Either a biopsy or surgery can determine the types of cancer cells present in the prostate tissues.

Nearly 50% of males have a condition known as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia by the time they are 50 years old. PIN is when there are changes in the cells that line the prostate gland.

High grade PIN is not cancer, but the cells can become cancerous in the future. For this reason, a doctor may recommend treatment to remove the cells.

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Treatments To Control And Prevent Symptoms Caused By The Spread Of Prostate Cancer To The Bones

Palliative External beam radiotherapy

Radiopharmaceuticals: Strontium-89 , samarium-153

Radium-223 dichloride is now licensed and called Xofigo. This is not widely available in the UK but BPC is one of a relatively small number of specialist centres using this treatment.

Zolidronic acid a bisphosphonate given by a 15 minute intravenous infusion every 34 weeks. It reduces the risk of bone complications, including pain and fractures.

Xgeva : this is a newly licensed drug available at BPC.

Pain medications

Surgery may be undertaken to treat bone fractures or to relief the pressure on the spinal cord by bone metastases.

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Learn More About Prostate Cancer Care At Rcca

If youve been diagnosed with prostate cancer or are concerned about potential symptoms, contact RCCA today. Our team of cancer care specialists will assess the stage of your cancer using the latest diagnostic methods and work with you to design a fully individualized care plan that includes advanced treatment options, the potential for clinical trials, and support that addresses physical and emotional well-being. To speak with a representative right away, please call .

What Is Stage 4 Prostate Cancer

Living with advanced prostate cancer

The fourth stage of prostate cancerdefines a tumor that has progressed to other regions of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bones, or bladder. The 5-year survival rate for these tumors is 29 percent.

Keep in mind that each case is unique, and figures like these are merely suggestions. As advances in prostate cancer treatment become more common, your odds of surviving this disease improve.

In general, prostate cancer has a very good survival rate one of the greatest of any cancer type. Because prostate cancer is frequently a slow-moving disease, the majority of men diagnosed with it will die from an unrelated reason.

Stage 4 prostate cancer means the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. It is further divided into two substages:

  • Prostate Cancer Stage 4A Stage 4A: The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes but may or may not have spread to nearby tissues.
  • Prostate Cancer Stage 4B Stage 4B: The cancer has spread to another area of the body, such as the bones or distant lymph nodes.

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Tnm Staging System The Most Widely Used Staging System For Prostate Cancer Isthe Ajcc Tnm System For Prostate Cancerthere Are 4 Stages Often The Stages 1 To 4 Are Written As The Roman Numeralsi Ii Iii And Iv Generally The Higher The Stage Number The More The Cancerhas Spread The Stages Can Be Further Divided Into A B Or C An Earlier Lettermeans A Lower Stage Talk To Your Doctor If You Have Questions About Staging Tnm Staging Is Based On The Following: T Describes Thetumour And Whether Doctors Can Feel It Or See It On Imaging Tests It Alsodescribes Whether The Tumour Has Grown Outside Of The Prostate To Thesurrounding Tissues T Is Usually Given As A Number From 1 To 4 A Highernumber Means That The Tumour Takes Up More Of The Prostate Or That The Tumourhas Grown Outside Of The Prostate Into Nearby Tissues Some Stages Are Alsodivided Further Into A B Or C An Earlier Letter Means A Lower Stage The Clinical T Is Your Doctors Best Estimate Of Theextent Of The Cancer Based On A Physical Exam A Digital Rectal Exam A Prostatebiopsy And Imaging Tests If You Have Surgery To Remove Your Prostate Apathological T Will Be Given Pt Is More Accurate Than Ct T The Tumour Has Grown Outside The Prostate And Into The Seminal Vesicles T4 The Tumour Has Grown Outside The Prostate And Into Nearby Structures Suchas The Bladder Rectum Pelvic Muscles And Pelvic Wall

N describeswhether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes near the prostate. N0 means that thecancer hasnât spread to any nearby lymph nodes. N1 means that it has spread tonearby lymph nodes.

M describeswhether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. M0 means that the cancerhas not spread to other parts of the body. M1 means that it has spread to otherparts of the body.

PSA level describes the amount of the prostate-specificantigen in the blood.

Grade Group is a measureof how likely the cancer is to grow and spread.

Sexual Problems Associated With Prostate Cancer Include:

  • erectile dysfunction – a person has difficulty maintaining an erection or is unable to have an erection
  • pain when ejaculating

These symptoms will vary between people they can also indicate other conditions including prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia . If you are experiencing these symptoms seek medical help so an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment given.

See also, ‘Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer‘.

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What Are The Five Stages Of Prostate Cancer

The Gleason grading system grades prostate cancer from 1 to 5. According to cells appearances under a microscope, this system grades the most common and second most common patterns of cells in a tissue sample collected via biopsy.

  • Grade 1: The cells appear like normal prostate cells.
  • Grades 2-4: Cells that score the lower look closest to normal and are suggestive of less aggressive cancer. Those that score higher look the furthest from normal and will probably grow faster.
  • Grade 5: Most cells look vastly different from normal.

Depending on the Gleason score, the American Joint Committee on Cancer has classified prostate cancer into four stages.

Stage I cancer:

  • This stage is known as localized cancer because the cancer has been found in only one part of the prostate .
  • Stage I cancers cannot be felt during a digital rectal exam or seen with imaging tests.
  • If the prostate-specific antigen is less than 10, it is most likely slow growing.

Stage II cancer:

  • This stage of cancer is still localized but is more advanced than stage I.
  • In stage II, the cells are less normal than stage I and may grow more rapidly.
  • Stage IIA means that the cancer is found only on one side of the prostate, whereas stage IIB means that the cancer is found in both sides of the prostate.

Stage III cancer:

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